近年来，随着人口结构变化和经济发展水平提高，关于养老金和社会保障制度的讨论越来越引起公众关注。作为维护民生福利、实现社会公平的重要组成部分，养老金和社会保障制度在不同国家有着各自独特的模式与运行机制。本文将从多个方面对比探讨这两者之间存在的异同点。

首先，在参保对象上，养老金主要是针对退休人员或达到一定年龄后停止工作并领取退休待遇的群体；而社会保障涵盖了更广泛范围内需要受到基本生活需求支持和风险防护补偿等帮助服务群体，并包括但不限于失业者、残疾人士以及低收入家庭等弱势群体。

其次，在资金来源上也存在差别。通常情况下，养老金由雇主、职工共同缴纳形成一个专门用于支付退休人员福利待遇池子；而社会保障则通过全民统筹方式进行融资, 例如税收征收或政府预算安排, 来满足相关救助项目所需费用。

此外，在管理层面上二者亦呈现出明显区别。在我国，“五险一金”被视为中国特色“较完善”的 社?#38469;?#29992;学系统。“五险”即指：医疗（Medical Insurance）、失业（Unemployment Insurance）、 工商 (Work Injury) 事务性( Maternity ) 生育(Maternity), 职工(Department of Labor and Social Security) 启动应急响应计划 （Emergency Response Plan） 等几大类目标. 其中最重要且覆盖率最高同时具备广义 执行力 的 是"四项"(Medicare/Medicaid/Social Security/Retirement Benefit Program). 这些都是根据法规设立并受地方自治权威监管机构负责执行.

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